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This list of Mexican and Central American animals extinct in the Holocene features animals known to have become extinct in the last 11,700 years on the North American country of Mexico and countries of Central America. Central America and southern Mexico belong to the Neotropicalbiogeographical realm and are transitional areas between South America and the rest of continental North America.
Many extinction dates are unknown due to a lack of relevant information.
Last known individual killed in northern Sonora in 1976.[10] Though once named as the subspecies U. a. nelsoni, DNA evidence shows that it is not different enough to warrant separate status.[11]
A transitional form between steppe bison and modern American bison whose more recent remains date to the early Holocene of Valsequillo basin in Puebla, Mexico. However the direct dating to 5271-5131 BCE is not calibrated and the remains could be older.[14]
Extinct in 1983-1986 due to competition and predation by introduced largemouth bass, reed-cutting for tourism development, falling water levels after the 1976 Guatemala earthquake, drowning in gill nets and disturbance by boat traffic.[16]
Swifts, treeswifts, and hummingbirds (order Apodiformes)[edit]
Only known from the holotype collected in 1895. The cause of extinction is unknown, but could be related to habitat loss caused by agriculture.[17][18]
Last recorded in the wild in 1972. It declined as a result of predation by introduced cats, hunting, and habitat degradation caused by feral goats and Central American locusts. Individuals survive in captivity in the United States, though several are hybridized with the mourning dove (Z. macroura).[19]
Last recorded in 1912. Likely extinct due to breeding habitat degradation by introduced feral goats and predation by feral cats and dogs; however the natural difficulty of its detection, lack of thorough surveys in the breeding season after 1906 and reports of unidentified storm-petrel calls at night may indicate that it is still extant.[20]
Last confirmed record in Durango in 1956, but unconfirmed sightings continued until 2005 in the Copper Canyon of Chihuahua. Declined due to habitat destruction and poisoning by loggers, along with hunting for sport, food, and traditional medicine.[22]
Last recorded in 1961. Extinct due to habitat loss to agriculture, overgrazing and erosion by cattle herding, and decline of native herbivores which maintained the bird's habitat.[18]
^ abcStinnesbeck, S.R. (2020) Mexican Fossil Ground Sloths: A Case Study for Late Pleistocene Megafaunal Turnover in the Mexican Corridor. Doctoral dissertation.
^Lucas, S. G. Vertebrate Paleontology in New Mexico - A brief history. Vertebrate Paleontology in New Mexico: Bulletin 68, 68, 1.
^Martínez‐Meyer, E., González‐Bernal, A., Velasco, J. A., Swetnam, T. L., González‐Saucedo, Z. Y., Servín, J., ... & Heffelfinger, J. R. (2021). Rangewide habitat suitability analysis for the Mexican wolf (Canis lupus baileyi) to identify recovery areas in its historical distribution. Diversity and Distributions, 27(4), 642-654.
^Gallo-Reynoso, J.P. et al. (2008) "Probable occurrence of a brown bear (Ursus arctos) in Sonora, Mexico, in 1976". The Southwestern Naturalist, Vol. 53, Issue 2: 256-260 pages.
^Cite error: The named reference Miller2006 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^McClenachan, L., & Cooper, A. B. (2008). "Extinction rate, historical population structure and ecological role of the Caribbean monk seal". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 275 (1641), 1351-1358.
^Díaz-Sibaja, R. et al. (2020). "A fossil Bison antiquus from Puebla, Mexico and a new minimum age for the Valsequillo fossil area". Journal of South American Earth Sciences, 103, 102766.
^List, R., Ceballos, G., Curtin, C., Gogan, P. J., Pacheco, J., & Truett, J. (2007). Historic distribution and challenges to bison recovery in the northern Chihuahuan desert. Conservation Biology, 21(6), 1487-1494.