The offensive operations started in 1810 and ended in 1817, with the defeat of the forces commanded by Gregorio Aráoz de La Madrid at the battle of Sopuchay, the last attempt to advance into Upper Peru. Since then, only defensive operations on the Northern frontier were carried on, as the offensive had been transferred to the Army of the Andes, commanded by José de San Martín, who devised the strategy of reaching the main royalist stronghold, Lima, through Chile. In 1820 the Army of the North was summoned to intervene in the internal strife between the central government in Buenos Aires and the Federal League provincial caudillo leaders. Shortly after, the Arequito Revolt led by the independentist veterans who refused to fight a civil war instead of an independence war, effectively ended the existence of the Army of the North...
Image 4The changing state of Argentina. The light green area was allocated to indigenous peoples, the light pink area was the Liga Federal, the hatched areas are subject to change during the period. (from History of Argentina)
Image 15The ousting of President Arturo Illia was initially broadly supported but later deeply regretted by the Argentine population. (from History of Argentina)
Image 22Artifacts at the Pío Pablo Díaz Museum in Cachi, Salta Province. One of several in Argentina devoted to the ethnology of indigenous peoples (from Indigenous peoples in Argentina)
Image 35Néstor Kirchner served as President of Argentina from 2003 to 2007. His presidency marked the ideology called Kirchnerism. (from History of Argentina)
... that the Argentina and Netherlands national football teams have played each other at every other FIFA World Cup since 1998?
... that "Bewahre uns, Gott" (Keep us, God) is a hymn for protection and blessing that Eugen Eckert derived from a 1968 peace song written and composed in Argentina?
We want Argentina to be peaceful, powerful and sovereign and a mass of unity and happiness like nowhere in the world. We want the welfare of workers, the dignity of the poor and the greatness of this country that Perón has given us and that we all defend as the fairest, the freest and the most sovereign of the earth.
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